###* * Detailed explanation of Global Shutter Camera**
Global Shutter is an exposure control method for image sensors, characterized by simultaneous exposure of all pixels instead of line by line scanning. This is in sharp contrast to the common Rolling Shutter. The following is a comprehensive analysis of the global shutter:
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## **1. Global Shutter vs. Rolling Shutter**
|* * Features * * | * * Global Shutter * * | * * Rolling Shutter * *|
|——————-|————————————|————————————–|
|* * Exposure method * * | All pixels are exposed simultaneously | Line by line sequential exposure (from top to bottom or left to right)|
|* * Dynamic scene performance * * | No distortion (suitable for high-speed moving objects) | Possible occurrence of “Jello Effect”|
|* * Imaging latency * * | Low latency, suitable for real-time applications | Read line by line, high latency|
|* * Cost and complexity * * | High (requiring additional circuitry to control global exposure) | Low (adopted by mainstream consumer grade sensors)|
|* * Application scenarios * * | Industrial inspection, machine vision, high-speed photography | Mobile phones, security monitoring, ordinary cameras|
###* * Typical problem examples**
-The “Jelly Effect” of Rolling Shutter:
When capturing high-speed moving objects such as rotating propellers or rapidly moving vehicles, the image may appear tilted, distorted, and other phenomena due to line by line exposure.
**The global shutter can perfectly avoid this problem.
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## **2. The working principle of global shutter**
1. * * Synchronized exposure * *:
-All pixels start and end exposure at the same time, ensuring that the captured image is of the same scene at the same point in time.
2. * * Synchronized reading * *:
-After exposure, all pixel data is simultaneously transmitted to the readout circuit and then output line by line.
###* * Technical implementation difficulties**
-* * Storage Requirements * *:
The global shutter requires the integration of storage units (such as capacitors) in each pixel to temporarily store exposure data, which increases chip area and cost.
-* * Noise Control * *:
Due to the simultaneous operation of all pixels, power consumption and thermal noise may be higher, requiring optimization of circuit design.
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## **3. The core advantage of global shutter**
###* * (1) No motion distortion**
-Suitable for capturing high-speed moving objects, such as:
-Rapid moving parts inspection on industrial production lines
-Dynamic scene capture in unmanned aerial vehicles or autonomous driving
-High speed photography for sports events or scientific experiments
###* * (2) Low latency**
-In machine vision AR/VR、 It performs excellently in scenarios that require high real-time performance, such as robot navigation.
###* * (3) Accurate time synchronization**
-In multi camera systems such as 3D scanning and motion capture, a global shutter ensures that all cameras shoot at the same time, avoiding errors caused by time differences.
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## **4. Application scenarios of global shutter**
###* * (1) Industrial and Machine Vision**
-PCB inspection: High speed moving production lines require distortion free imaging.
-Barcode recognition: Scanning QR codes on high-speed conveyor belts.
-* * Robot Navigation * *: Real time environmental perception of AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle).
###* * (2) Autonomous driving and in vehicle**
-Used for LiDAR assisted analysis of highway conditions to avoid dynamic blurring.
###* * (3) Scientific research**
-High speed photography (such as bullet flight, fluid mechanics experiments).
###(4) Film and television special effects**
-Motion capture (such as virtual filming technology in Avatar).
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## **5. Limitations of Global Shutter**
###* * (1) High cost**
-Due to the complex pixel structure (requiring integrated storage units), the price of global shutter sensors is usually 2-5 times higher than that of rolling shutter sensors.
###* * (2) Resolution and frame rate trade-off**
-High resolution global shutter sensors may sacrifice frame rate (e.g 4K@60fps Difficult to implement).
###(3) Slightly weaker low light performance**
-Due to the fact that the photosensitive area of each pixel is partially occupied (for storage), the noise under low light conditions may be greater than that of a rolling shutter.
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## **6. Representative manufacturer and model**
|* * Manufacturer * * | * * Typical Global Shutter Sensor * * | * * Features * *|
|————|——————————-|———————————–|
|* * Sony * * | IMX253, IMX304 | High resolution (12MP), industrial grade|
|Ansenmei * * | AR0234GS | Car/Security, Supports HDR|
|Haowei * * | OG0VA | Low power consumption, suitable for AR/VR|
|* * Teledyne * * | CMOSIS CMV Series | Ultra high speed (1000fps+), scientific use|
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## **7. Future Development Trends**
-On chip HDR: Combining global shutter and wide dynamic range (such as dual gain output).
-* * AI integration * *: Directly process images at the sensor end (such as event driven vision).
-* * Cost reduction * *: Reduce the pixel storage unit area through new processes such as stacked BSI.
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###* * Summary**
**The global shutter camera * * solves the motion distortion problem of rolling shutter by synchronously exposing, which is particularly suitable for scenes with high speed, high precision, and high real-time requirements, but the cost is relatively high. With technological advancements, it may gradually become popular in consumer electronics such as mobile phones and drones in the future.
If you need selection suggestions (such as which sensor to use for industrial testing), you can further explore!